Where in Europe are homes most overcrowded?
Montenegro comes top at 53.2% and Cyprus bottom at 2.2%. The EU-27 figure is 16.8%.
Eurostat counts a home as overcrowded when it has fewer rooms than a standard set by household size, age and sex (e.g. one room per couple, per single adult, and per pair of same-sex children aged 12-17).
These are survey estimates, so each comes with sampling error. Countries close together in the table may not really differ; treat near neighbours as roughly equal rather than as a strict ranking.
Most figures are for 2025; a few countries' latest figure is from 2024, shown in the table.
| Country | survey share | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Montenegro | 53.2% | 2024 |
| Albania | 52.6% | 2025 |
| Serbia | 46.0% | 2025 |
| Romania | 40.4% | 2025 |
| Latvia | 38.9% | 2025 |
| North Macedonia | 38.3% | 2024 |
| Türkiye | 37.8% | 2025 |
| Bulgaria | 32.5% | 2025 |
| Croatia | 31.8% | 2025 |
| Poland | 30.9% | 2025 |
| Greece | 28.3% | 2025 |
| Lithuania | 27.8% | 2025p |
| Slovakia | 27.8% | 2025 |
| Italy | 24.3% | 2025 |
| Estonia | 17.9% | 2025 |
| Czechia | 16.7% | 2025 |
| Sweden | 15.7% | 2025 |
| Hungary | 14.6% | 2025 |
| Austria | 14.2% | 2025 |
| Portugal | 12.7% | 2025 |
| Germany | 11.7% | 2025 |
| France | 10.8% | 2025 |
| Slovenia | 10.5% | 2025 |
| Denmark | 9.9% | 2025 |
| Spain | 9.5% | 2025 |
| Finland | 9.5% | 2025 |
| Luxembourg | 8.8% | 2025 |
| Switzerland | 7.6% | 2024 |
| Norway | 6.8% | 2025 |
| Belgium | 6.6% | 2025 |
| Ireland | 5.4% | 2025 |
| Malta | 4.7% | 2025 |
| Netherlands | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Cyprus | 2.2% | 2025 |
p = provisional figure, which may be revised.
How do we know?
Source: Eurostat (European Commission), Eurostat ilc_lvho05a: Overcrowding rate by age, sex and poverty status - total population. Source: Eurostat (ilc_lvho05a), Overcrowding rate by age, sex and poverty status - total population. Reuse authorised with acknowledgement. Eurostat copyright and licence policy (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; CC BY 4.0 for Commission content).
What kind of number: An estimate from a survey or statistical model.